Format: The final exam has three pages.
Page 1 contains 41 multiple choice questions worth 3 points each.
Page-2 contains 9 multiple choice questions worth 3 points each, and 3 essay questions worth 10 points each.
Page 3 contains 7 essay questions worth 10 or 15 points each.
Make sure you use your time wisely so that you have a chance to answer questions on all pages.
This Exam covers all of the course Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs). You have 3 hours and 30 minutes to take the final exam.
• Which is the most healthful diet? High fat or low fat? High fiber or low fiber?
• A diet high in fruits, vegetables, grains and fish , moderate exercise, and stress reduction or an aspirin regimen may minimize chances of having a second heart attack, true or false?
• For the best diet, follow the daily food guide pyramid by eating more foods at the top or the bottom?
• A good diet provides cancer protection due to the phytochemicals obtained from what type of food- cruciferous vegetables or dairy products?
• A diet high in fruits, vegetables, grains and fish provides essential minerals such as magnesium and potassium or beta carotene?
• Which vitamin is an antioxidants? K, B, C or D?
• Disease can be defined as functional disequilibrium
• Disease may be caused by infection, injury or malnutrition.
• Congenital disease is acquired through heredity, obesity or allergy.
• Terminal disease has sudden onset and short term.
• Define homeostatis: steady state.
• The control for most of the endocrine glands of the body is the hypothalamus or thymus?
• The thyroid gland secretes which hormone?
• The adenohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary, true or false?
• The pancreas secretes insulin or glucagon or both?
• Which gland produces growth hormone, the anterior or posterior pituitary?
• What is the source of glucocorticoids, adrenal cortex or medulla?
• The hormone that raises blood calcium levels is parathyroid hormone, true or false?
• The hormone controlling metabolic rate is thyroxine or aldosterone?
• What is the major effect of aldosterone: to raise? or lower? calcium? or sodium? in the blood?
• Any disease caused by a microorganism is properly called infectious or inflammatory
• A disease that must pass from person to person via contaminated water is properly classified as non-communicable or communicable, while Diseases that are transmitted directly from human to human are properly called non-communicable or communicable?
• Bacteria that are shaped like commas are known as vibrios or spirochetes?
• Rickettsia do not fit well into the shape and gram stain pattern.
• A common bacterium that is gram positive is Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, or Legionella pneumophila (only one of these).
• Bacterial structures that form in response to harsh environmental conditions are endospores or cell walls
• The structure of a virus may include RNA, DNA, or a capsid.
• Each type of virus may be found growing and reproducing in any host or only certain host cells?
• Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue is the correct order from outside in for skin, true or false?
• A liver disease patient has abnormally yellow skin. This is what condition, jaundice or pallor?
• Large fluid filled lesions of the skin are bullae, not papules, not pustules.
• Staphylococcal skin infections include furuncles, carbuncles, folliculitis.
• Streptococcal skin infections include erysipelas
• Which of the following diseases is NOT considered to have a viral etiology, impetigo or fever blisters (cold sores)?
• Verucca vulgaris appearing on a foot is normally called what? And is caused by a virus.
• Dermatophyte disease, athlete’s foot and ringworm are all caused by what organism?
• Uterine cervical carcinoma seems to be associated with which virus? HIV, HPV or herpes?
• Fibroid tumors, common particularly in women, are myoma or leiomyoma.
• Sarcoma involves malignant tumor of the connective tissue or the glandular tissue?
• The external genitalia of the female are called vulva or uterus?
• The functions of the male and female reproductive systems include production of sex cells or hormones or both?
• The fimbriae are part of the fallopian tubes or ovary?
• Sperm travel to the urethra by way of the vas deferens or seminiferous tubules?
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• Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic veins: the left or right atrium?
• Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the aorta: the left or right ventricle?
• What are the coronary vessels?
• Urinalysis shows albuminuria, which means what?
• Molds of kidney tubules that consist of coagulated protein or blood are called casts or pyuria?
• What is the term for inflammation of the bladder: cystitis or nephritis?
• Syndrome involving buildup of toxic wastes in the blood is azotemia or uremia?
• Filtration unit of the nephron is loop of henle or glomerulus?
• During an acute infection, which of the following is UNLIKELY to occur: monocyte accumulate in tissue, release of histamine or decrease in total white cell count [hint the key here is the word acute- AIDS is NOT an acute infection, so don’t get confused]
• Inflammation always produces four classical signs, including redness, but not bleeding or suppuration.
• Increased permeability of the vessel walls in an inflammation causes which of those signs: redness or swelling?
• A scar following surgery or a severe burn that is often raised and hard is known as a keloid or an adhesion?
• The defining characteristic of innate immunity is it is inborn and congenital, and example is nonspecific defenses.
• How is immunity acquired: by having a disease, a vaccination or exposure to an antigen or all of these?
• Myelin is a lipid material, true or false
• The myelin sheath is found surrounding neuron fibers or the brain?
• Which disease causes the destruction of the myelin sheath: epilepsy, meningitis, or multiple sclerosis?
• The neurons that are damaged in polio are the motor or efferent neurons?
• What happens in Poliomyelitis?
• The vaccines for polio differ in that: the Sabin or Salk is an oral vaccine? The Salk or Sabin ….. first?
Patient Cases: Know the basic characteristics of :
Diagnosis means the determination of the nature of a disease.
• Which of the following is a technique used for identifying chemical abnormalities in diagnosis of disease: urinalysis or ECG?
• Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis are all examples of: autoimmune disease or autonomic disorders?
• Autoimmunity involves which abnormal reactions? slow response to lymphocytes, or antibody damage to human tissues?
• Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with deterioration of collagenous connective tissue, true or false?
• Which is the causative agent of immune system damage: HIV or AIDS?• ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
• Accumulation of fat in the fecal matter, resulting in unformed, pale, floating stools with a very strong odor indicates which disease: Chron’s disease or malabsorption syndrome?
• change in bowel habits, including either diarrhea or constipation, is a sign of which: carcinoma or obstruction?
• A syndrome involving infection and inflammation of the colon with intense pain and bloody stools is called diarrhea or dysentery. [hint the key here is bloody]
• The signs and symptoms of appendicitis are: unique and easily recognized, typical pains, localized over the appendix, easy to diagnose or none of these [hint, tricky question, be careful!]
• Which is inflammation of the liver: cholecystitis or hepatitis?
• A syndrome involving infection and inflammation of the colon with intense pain and bloody stools is called
• Hemorrhoids are diagnosed via use of the protoscope.
• Which hormones control the functions of the ovaries and testes?
• Which can cause acromegaly?
• Premature senility (Simmond’s syndrome) is a result of underactivity of the pituitary gland
• One consequence of hyperpituitarism is: gigantism, aspermia, or lethargy?
• Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lower than normal output of which hormone?
• Hypergonadism produces which: precocious sexual development, aspermia, amenorrhea?
• One of the most serious consequences of STIs in women is sterility.
• The hydatiform mole is a benign tumor of the uterus or placenta?
• The condition in which the tissue lining of the uterus becomes embedded elsewhere is called endometriosis
• The middle portion of the meninges is the what?
• A lumbar puncture: may be used to diagnose meningitis. This region is chosen because the cord ends above this level and will not be damaged by the needle.
• The most severe form of spina bifida is: meningocele or meningocele?
• What condition that results from an obstruction in normal flow of CSF?
• What is another name for Lou Gehrig’s disease?
• Extremely high consumption of the fat-soluble vitamins can cause severe damage to which organ: liver, brain or heart?
• For normal hardness of bone, the diet must include enough: vitamin A, B, C or D.
• Vitamin B deficiencies most seriously affect which: the nervous system or the immune system?
• Which are the only dietary sources of vitamin B12: Animal products or citrus fruits?
• “A slow growing, generally non-metastasizing tumor” best describes basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma.
• The hypersensitivity disease of the skin that produces wheals is urticaria or contact dermatitis?
• Common drugs which may cause skin eruptions in sensitive people include penicillin, aspirin, ibuprofen.
• Which is related to poor living conditions, and is ….. by a parasitic mite?: eczema, scabies, or urticaria.